Medicare – Retirement Risk Advisors

13May

An Overview of the Enrollment Periods for Medicare

BlogMay 13, 2023

The program offers a range of benefits to help individuals manage their health care expenses, including hospital insurance (Part A), medical insurance (Part B), prescription drug coverage (Part D), and Medicare Advantage (Part C). However, to access these benefits, individuals must enroll in Medicare during specific enrollment periods.

There are various enrollment periods for Medicare, each with its own set of rules and eligibility criteria. Here is a breakdown of the different enrollment periods and what you need to know about each:

Initial Enrollment Period (IEP)

The Initial Enrollment Period is the first opportunity for eligible individuals to enroll in Medicare. The IEP lasts for seven months and begins three months before the month of an individual’s 65th birthday and ends three months after their 65th birthday. If an individual is already receiving Social Security benefits, they will be automatically enrolled in Medicare Parts A and B during their IEP.

General Enrollment Period (GEP)

The General Enrollment Period is for individuals who missed their IEP and did not sign up for Medicare during a Special Enrollment Period (SEP). The GEP runs from January 1st to March 31st every year, and coverage begins on July 1st. However, individuals who enroll during the GEP may be subject to late enrollment penalties.

Special Enrollment Period (SEP) The Special Enrollment Period is for individuals who experience certain qualifying life events, such as moving to a new area or losing employer-sponsored health insurance. The SEP allows these individuals to enroll in Medicare outside of the standard enrollment periods. The length of the SEP and the eligibility criteria vary depending on the qualifying life event.

Annual Enrollment Period (AEP)

The Annual Enrollment Period, also known as the Open Enrollment Period, is an opportunity for individuals to make changes to their Medicare coverage. The AEP runs from October 15th to December 7th every year, and changes made during this period take effect on January 1st of the following year. During the AEP, individuals can switch from Original Medicare to Medicare Advantage or make changes to their Medicare Advantage or Part D plan.

Medicare Advantage Open Enrollment Period (OEP)

The Medicare Advantage Open Enrollment Period allows individuals who are already enrolled in a Medicare Advantage plan to switch to a different Medicare Advantage plan or return to Original Medicare. The OEP runs from January 1st to March 31st every year.

Medicare Supplement Enrollment Period

Medicare Supplement plans, also known as Medigap plans, help individuals cover the out-of-pocket costs associated with Original Medicare. The Medicare Supplement Enrollment Period is a six-month window that begins on the first day of the month in which an individual turns 65 and is enrolled in Medicare Part B. During this period, individuals can enroll in a Medicare Supplement plan without undergoing medical underwriting.

30Mar

Not To Scare, but with Age Comes Long-Term Care

BlogMarch 30, 2023

As people are living longer, the need for long-term care in retirement is becoming increasingly important. Long-term care refers to the assistance that individuals may require with activities of daily living, such as bathing, dressing, and eating. In this article, we will explore the increasing need for long-term care in retirement and what individuals can do to prepare for this potential expense.

Why the Need for Long-Term Care is Increasing

The need for long-term care in retirement is increasing for several reasons:

Longer life expectancy: As people live longer, the likelihood of requiring long-term care increases.
Age-related health issues: As individuals age, they may experience a range of health issues that can impact their ability to perform activities of daily living.
Rising healthcare costs: Healthcare costs continue to rise, and long-term care expenses can be particularly expensive.
Changes in family structure: Changes in family structure, such as a decrease in the number of family members available to provide care, can make long-term care an increasingly important consideration.

The Costs of Long-Term Care

Long-term care can be expensive, and it is important to understand the potential costs associated with this type of care. The cost of long-term care can vary depending on several factors, including the type of care required, the geographic location, and the length of care required. According to a recent survey by Genworth, the national median cost of long-term care ranges from $4,576 per month for a home health aide to $8,821 per month for a private room in a nursing home.

Preparing for Long-Term Care

There are several steps that individuals can take to prepare for the potential need for long-term care in retirement:

Long-term care insurance: Long-term care insurance can help to cover the costs of long-term care, and can be a good option for individuals looking to protect their retirement savings from potential long-term care expenses.
Health savings accounts (HSAs): HSAs can be used to save for future healthcare expenses, including long-term care.
Lifestyle modifications: Making healthy lifestyle choices can help to reduce the risk of age-related health issues that may require long-term care.
Retirement planning: Including the potential costs of long-term care in retirement planning can help to ensure that individuals are financially prepared for this potential expense.

The need for long-term care in retirement is increasing, and it is important for individuals to understand the potential costs associated with this type of care. By taking steps to prepare for long-term care, such as purchasing long-term care insurance, utilizing health savings accounts, and including the potential costs of long-term care in retirement planning, individuals can help to ensure that they are financially prepared for this potential expense.

Withdrawal Rate Risk in retirement: methods and strategies that could impact your retirement

14Feb

How Your Withdrawal Rate Could Cause You to Run Out of Money Faster: Strategies to Know

BlogFebruary 14, 2023

Knowing how to withdraw your money from your retirement accounts doesn’t translate directly to sitting to one fixed method the entire time. Every CPA’s retirement is unique and what will work for one may not work for another. Some key factors that contribute to your withdrawal rate are:

Retirement Age
Predictable Income
Retirement Portfolio
Retirement Needs & Lifestyle
Other Risk Tolerance

Determine Your Investment Mix

Considering all the factors, the next step is to evaluate your investment portfolio. Do your investments support your long-term goals? Are they diversified enough to help reduce other risks you may face like inflation, longevity, or market downturn? The important thing to have in your retirement assets is the potential for growth while still withdrawing.

Strategy: 4% Rule

A fixed rate may be that perfect strategy for some retirees. Systematic withdrawals offer control for a specific period, but many people don’t consider these factors with the 4% rule:

Low interest rates make traditionally income-producing investments generate less income than expected
Inflation erodes the buying and spending power over time so you may need to withdraw larger amounts down the road
If the principal value of your investment is to decrease you will have less of your portfolio to withdraw from
Your income needs may become inconsistent due to increasing health care or medical costs. Thus, increasing the need for more money later in retirement

If you need a set amount withdrawn for a specific length of time, this method is perfect. Say you plan to work part-time for the first 5-10 years of retirement or are killing time until your Social Security benefits kick in.

Strategy: Buckets of Investment

Buckets help diversify your assets and provide different streams of income for you. One bucket may hold cash such as your emergency fund or another could hold fixed-income investments and protect principal. The last would hold the most growth for a longer period.

This strategy requires you work with an advisor to determine proper allocation and that your investments are protected and fit your long-term retirement goals.

Strategy: Interest-Only Income

Depending on your retirement accounts, you may be able to only pull from the interest earned without drawing on the principal balance. However, specific assets may unfortunately have penalties if you withdraw on interest only until a certain age.

This method does offer flexibility of switching from income stream to income stream yearly. This is another strategy that can be good for those transitioning from working full-time to part-time then to full retirement or those waiting for other income streams to kick in.

Important: Required Minimum Distributions

Federal tax rules deem you must begin taking required minimum distributions (RMDs) from tax-deferred retirement accounts such as 403(b)s or 401(k)s by April 1^st after you turn the Stated Age. Same with your IRAs. Your Stated Age is as determined: age 71 if born 1950 or earlier; 73 if born 1951-1959; and 75 if born 1960 or later. Failure to take your RMD on time could result in a 25% penalty.

Other things to consider with RMDs:

The set amount you must take depends on your age, life expectancy, and year-end account balance
For multiple accounts, each RMD needs calculated separately but you can withdraw the total amount from just one account
Roth IRAs and other non-qualified employee-sponsors plans do not require RMDs
You cannot rollover RMDs into other tax-advantaged accounts
If you are still working at your Stated Age, you may be able to defer RMD withdrawal from your 401(k) or 403(b). However, the same does not apply to IRAs.

Having a withdrawal strategy in place for your retirement is important to ensure your funds last as long as you do and to also help reduce other risks you may encounter during retirement (market risk, tax risk, inflation risk). The last thing you want is to outlive your money and die broke.

12Dec

Retirement Plan Contribution Limits Are Increasing Come 2023

BlogDecember 12, 2022

2023 is upon us and an important factor to tax-advantaged accounts and plans is the contribution limits the IRS sets. This year the contribution limits were increased more than they have been in the past due to historically high inflation and cost-of-living. Here is a general overview for 2023:

401(k) Plans

In 2023, for 401(k) plans the contribution limit has been increased to $22,500. This contribution limit applies to most 457 plans and 403(b)s.

For those over 50, the catch up contribution limit is increasing to $7500. So those over 50 in 2023 can contribute up to $30,000.

Defined Contribution Plans and SEPs

For these plans, the contribution limit is increasing by $5000 from 2022’s limit: $66,000.

SIMPLE Plans

Increasing just over a $1000, these plans can contribute $15,500. The catch-up for those over 50 has been increased to $3500.

IRAs

While the over 50 catch-up limit is not being changed for IRAs, the annual contribution limit is being raised to $6500.

13Oct

2023 Means Savings on Medicare

BlogOctober 13, 2022

Medicare beneficiaries will pay lower Part B premiums for coverage come 2023. Those who are paying these premiums need to be aware of two major changes.

For this upcoming year, the premium for Part B will decrease by 3% to $164.90. The annual deductible will also decrease from $233 to $226 for 2023.

Sometimes people do not know they are paying their Part B premiums because when you elect to enroll in Medicare, your premiums come directly out of your Social Security benefits.

Moreover, since CMS regulates Medicare Part D, even though the prescription coverage is sold by private insurances, there is a good chance that many will see a general decrease in Part D premiums, too. Unfortunately, since the private insurers set the terms and limits of these policies, there is not set amount for the decrease like Part B has. CMS is predicted that an almost 2% decrease may happen for Part D. If there is a change to your plan, you will receive a statement in the mail notifying you. If you do not receive any statement, please call your insurance directly or check online.

Lastly, another major change CMS announced were changes to income brackets and rates for the premium surtax for Medicare. This surtax is known as income-related monthly adjustment amount (IRMAA). This is in addition for higher income beneficiaries to the Part B base premium of $164.90 everyone pays. This also is an addition to Part D premiums for higher income beneficiaries.

This surtax is imposed on modified adjusted gross incomes starting at $97,000 for a single person and $194,000 for married couples who file a joint return and maxes out at $500,000 of MAGI for a single person and $750,000 for a married couple fling a joint return. The maximum Part B premium if you hit the top income limits would be $560.50. For Part D the imposed surtax would be an additional maximum of $76.40. It is important to note that the highest bracket ($500,000/$750,000) discussed here is not adjusted for inflation, but the lower brackets are. So over time, more and more people will be moved into the top bracket and will pay the higher Medicare Part B premiums due to inflation.

21Sep

How to Cover Long-Term Care Expenses

BlogSeptember 21, 2022

Does planning for long-term care seem sensible for your retirement?

The answer: Many will not plan for an LTC until it is too late.

Where do you start?

Paying for Long-Term Care in Retirement

Each option has advantages and risks and knowing these will let you determine what your best plan of action is.

From Retirement Assets:

Without any coverage you will pay for LTC out-of-pocket. For most retirees, this is not the best option. If you are married, there is a good chance you and your spouse will both need long-term care. Essentially doubling your cost in LTC, you may consider shared care if you are married to save on costs.

Traditional Long-Term Care Insurance

This option is all-or-nothing. You either use the benefits or you do no end up using it. However, if you do not use the LTC insurance policy, your family/heirs do not typically see a death benefit payout. As a specialized insurance, you pay to have the insurance company cover out-of-pocket costs for long-term care. With the need for long-term care increasing, over the years policy holders have seen increases in premiums.

Life Insurance Policy with Chronic Care Rider

Life insurance can provide an upgrade. As part of your policy, many life insurance companies offer a rider that will help pay for long-term care. In the case you should need long-term care, your life insurance will pay out a fourth of the death benefit from your policy up to four years. Should you not use all the death benefit for your long-term care, your heirs will receive whatever remains after you pass.

These riders can also apply to permanent life insurance policies that will allow a portion of the policy to be invested; a portion that will grow and may be tax-free upon withdrawal.

Deferred-Income Annuities

While used more as a stream of income, deferred-income annuities may be used as monthly payments to offset the cost of long-term care. In some cases, you may be able to purchase a deferred-income annuity with long-term care coverage or a long-term care rider.

underestimated retirement risk: medical costs

01Sep

Do Not Forget Healthcare Costs When Retirement Planning

BlogSeptember 1, 2022

How are you to account for health care costs while retirement planning? Oftentimes, these expenses are underestimated. Even though Medicare Part A is free and covers hospitalization, the remainder of Medicare comes with premiums and the rest of health care and drug costs are out-of-pocket even with supplemental insurance.

Why are health care costs underestimated?

CPAs transitioning into retirement often do not consider that what they were paying in premiums is not the full amount. Thinking they need the same “take-home pay” folks forget that their employer was paying a good chunk of the premium costs when budgeting and the rest was coming directly out of their paychecks. Now, facing retirement, CPAs are responsible for out-of-pocket costs and the full premium.

Familiarization with Health Care Premiums

Having Medicare Part A helps immensely when it comes to health care costs, especially since it is free. However, you will be responsible for other premiums to help cover medical expenses.

Medicare Part B: In 2022, premiums increased to $170.10 monthly. Note in the future this will increase.
Medicare Supplemental Insurance: For coverage not offered through Part A or Part B of Medicare, supplemental insurance is available. This will help with medical expenses, but does not cover dental, hearing, or vision.
Medicare Part C: Known as Medicare Advantage, these policies vary in coverage and price, but offer options including Part A, Part B, hearing, dental, and even vision. Furthermore, Part D (prescription drug coverage) is also included.
Medicare Part D: As coverage for self-administrated prescription drugs, Part D requires a co-pay per prescription. Unfortunately, some drugs are not covered.
Long-term care insurance premiums: Medicare only covers so much of long-term care costs after a certain amount of time, and even then, it will add up quickly daily. To make sure you are covered, building a LTC policy to your wants and needs is best. This is an important factor to consider for retirement planning because 70% of retirees experience a long-term care event.

How much could coverage and any out-of-pocket costs be then?

Knowing Total Health Care Costs

Adjusted for inflation, in 2021 multiple studies found that retirees were spending about $6200 on premiums and approximately $6500 on out-of-pocket costs for health care. For 2022, the projected amount for out-of-pocket costs is $7000. And with rising health care costs and inflation, the average expenses are predicted to increase by a minimum of $3500 by 2030.

Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 and retirement planning

15Aug

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 and Its Impact on Your Retirement

BlogAugust 15, 2022

As a watered-down version of the Build Back Better Act of 2021, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 is set to be signed by President this week. The bill is designed to reduce the deficit and lower inflation while investing in domestic energy production and lower prescription drug costs. On top of the deficit reduction projected to be more than $290 billion, this bill allows Medicare to negotiate lower drug costs and extends the Affordable Care Act program through 2025. The goal: lower consumer costs and help the nation reduce emissions long-term.

Once signed into law, how will my retirement be impacted?

Your retirement will be impact someway somehow.

The deficit reduction is intended to fight inflation by cutting the taxes Americans are paying. With the capability to reduce inflation, your retirement income will have more spending power, and we will eventually hopefully enter a period of deflation. However, there is a slim chance we will see a dent in inflation this year with this bill.

Since Medicare will be able to negotiate drug prices with pharmaceutical companies the savings will impact retirees directly. In addition, a $2000 out-of-pocket cap for Medicare enrollees buying prescriptions comes along with preventative vaccines being free.

Moreover, since the ACA program is being extended, the Covid-19 subsidies helping make insurance more affordable for some Americans. Good news: this is most applicable to those who had to retire early and aren’t eligible for Medicare just yet.

With the focus of the Inflation Reduction Act being partially on cleaner energy investments, business and consumers can participate in clean energy investment incentives, too. Businesses themselves can receive a tax credit for clean energy manufacturing, and another tax credit for wind and solar energy production. Consumers get to enjoy the tax credit incentives for greener options for investing in renewable energy and further tax credits for buying electric cars, new and used.

19Jul

Having An HSA While on Medicare

BlogJuly 19, 2022

Health savings accounts can be tricky, especially when you are on Medicare. Not only do you need to meet certain criteria to have one, but you need to meet the same requirements to keep contributing to it.

One requirement to have an HSA is a high deductible plan, and you cannot have another health care plan. Since Medicare is considered another health care plan, and one that does not have a high deductible, you are not able to contribute to your HSA once you enroll with Medicare.

However, that does not mean you are unable to use your HSA along with your Medicare plan. You have stockpiled that money to help cover medical costs, and you are still able to use the HSA funds to cover expenses Medicare might not. Or to even help with Medicare premiums, copays, or deductibles.

How does an HSA while enrolled in Medicare?

To maintain and contribute to an HSA you need to be on a health plan that is a high-deductible plan. And you cannot be on any other medical insurance plan. This even means Medicare. Once you are enrolled in Medicare, you are not qualified to use your pretax dollars to contribute to your HSA.

You may be able to keep contributing if you are not enrolled in Medicare at 65. This takes special circumstances, being you are not yet retired or receiving SS benefits.

Is there a penalty for having Medicare and an HSA?

Fortunately, you will not face a late penalty if you have health care from your employer. This means, you have delay Medicare enrollment until you do retire. Retirement qualifies you for the Special Enrollment Period. The same rules apply if you are on your spouse’s employer’s health care plan.

However, if you turn 65 and do not have other coverage, you will be charged a penalty. Once you do enroll in Medicare, your Part B premium will be increased by 10% monthly for each year you did not enroll. Since you are also enrolling late without any special circumstance, you will have to wait until the Open Enrollment Period to sign up.

How can I use my HSA to help with Medicare premiums?

Since an HSA is for medical and healthcare costs, you can use the funds for qualifying expenses such as:

Part B, C, or D premiums
Medicare deductibles
Copays or coinsurance
Dental or vision
Over-the-counter medicines
Out-of-pocket costs

Can I pay Medigap premiums with my HSA?

You can, but you will have to pay taxes on the money you withdraw to do so. A Medigap plan is not a qualified medical expense, which is why you will have to pay taxes on the money taken out of your HSA to pay for it.

Are there tax penalties when using an HSA with Medicare?

You will pay tax penalties if your HSA contributions and Medicare enrollment overlap. The penalty amount will vary depending on your situation, circumstances, and how long they overlapped.

You will be subject to back taxes on any contributions to your HSA made after your Medicare enrollment starts. Plus, your contributions will be added back to your annual taxable income.
You may be hit with an excess tax by the IRS if you have contributed after your Medicare enrollment date. Excess taxes will be an additional 6% (if not more) when you take it out of your health savings account.

The IRS strongly recommends those contributing to an HSA stop doing so six months before they enroll in Medicare. Once you are enrolled in Medicare, the IRS considers the 6 months before your enrollment as a period you had access to Medicare. Stopping before that 6-month period means you should avoid any penalties that could be assessed and saves money, too.

01Jun

Why Retirees are Targeted Most by Scammers

BlogJune 1, 2022

Annually, an estimated 3.5 million retirees fall victim to financial exploitation. Scammers take advantage of elders due their vulnerability. Those who are 80+ are the most at-risk group for scammers. Ruthless and always on top of trends and the latest news, scammers will try to pull a fast one via the phone, targeted emails, or even through websites.

Why are seniors targeted more than any other age group?

Money, Money, Money

With decades of saving and planning, elders are more particularly targeted due to being the wealthier, more established society members. Also, more likely to have own their homes outright, elder Americans have approximately 1.7 times the wealth than the working middle class due to their savings.

Loneliness Leads to Vulnerability

Retirees are usually empty nesters, and oftentimes loneliness leads to isolation as family grows and friends get older, too. This makes the perfect breeding ground for con artists to build a relationship with elders especially telephone scammers. Elders are always happy to get a call and are more than willing to listen to their narratives. Once the scammer can gain the retirees trust they have an easier time exploiting.

Cognitive Issues

Unfortunately, with aging comes cognitive decline. Even though seniors are reporting scams more often than younger folks, they have a harder time remembering the little details necessary. What makes matters worse is that seniors do not realize that they were scammed until sometimes weeks after the fact. Memory loss presents first with haziness, and short-term memory is the first to experience issues.

Other Health Issues Make Easy Targets

Easy for health scams, seniors are more likely to have other health issues such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and limited mobility. The health scams will target retirees with fake remedies for these issues since they are seen as personal.

Retirement Staples

As the baselines to retirement, Medicare and Social Security are very important to seniors to maintain their health and finances. If a call or email comes through for these programs talking about issues elders are very prone to panic. The panic-inducing targeting gets retirees to act out of fear for losing their benefits or insurance. Retirees are more likely to share their information to scammers when something that important is threatened.